芬蘭研究 基督徒難了解真實世界、分不清真實與想像、智商較低
芬蘭赫爾辛基大學的一項研究指出，基督宗教教徒難了解真實世界、分不清真實與想像、與智商較低。
在知識上宗教一般被歸類為哲學形而上學的一部份，宗教是哲學的一部份，一般人沒有哲學的基本訓練，不具備相關完整光譜的知識，沒有免疫能力或判斷能力，遂被宗教迷惑。哲學，個人認為（必須）是理性的，哲學訓練能讓人分別真實與虛幻。
此外，歐美一般研究基督宗教徒還會指出，教徒的道德水準比反宗教的人低，而且多是偽君子。其實不止基督宗教如此，各宗教皆如此。
「台灣反宗教者聯盟」陳立民 Chen Lih Ming (陳哲)
下為這篇芬蘭大學的研究：
【 Religious people understand the world less,
study suggests】
〔 The Independent, Ben Kentish @BenKentish,
Wednesday 26 October 2016 〕
Scientists say believers in God more likely
to think flowers and rocks can think and feel, and agree with statements like
"stones sense the cold"
Religious
people are more likely to have a poorer understanding of the world and are more likely to believe objects like rocks and paper have
human qualities, scientists say.
Researchers at the University of Helsinki compared believers in God or the
paranormal to people with autism after
finding they tend to struggle to
understand the realities of the world around us.
Religious beliefs were linked with a weaker ability to understand physical and
biological phenomenon such as volcanoes, flowers, rocks and wind without giving them human qualities.
Believers were more likely to think that
inanimate objects such as metal, oil, clothes and paper can think and feel, and
agree with statements such as "Stones
sense the cold".
Marjaana Lindeman and Annika
Svedholm-Häkkinen, who completed the study, said: “The more the participants
believed in religious or other paranormal phenomena, the lower their intuitive physics skills, mechanical and mental
rotation abilities, school grades in mathematics and physics, and knowledge
about physical and biological phenomena were… and the more they regarded
inanimate targets as mental phenomena”.
The study defined "mental" as
having human characteristics such as thoughts and sprit.
Researchers said their findings suggest
people’s lack of understanding about the physical world means they apply their
own, human characteristics to the whole universe, “resulting in belief in
demons, gods, and other supernatural phenomena”.
This confusion
between mental and physical qualities “has [also] been recognised mainly among ancient people and small children”,
they added.
The scientists compared religious believers
to people with autism, saying both struggle to distinguish between the
mental and the physical, although autistic people are at the opposite end
of the spectrum because they often see the world as entirely physical and
struggle to understand the mental state of others.
Ms Lindeman and Ms Svedholm-Häkkinen asked
258 Finnish people to report how much they agreed that “there exists an
all-powerful, all-knowing, loving God” and whether they believed in paranormal
phenomena such as telepathy and visions of the future. They then matched their
answers with a range of other factors, including exam results, survey answers
and performances on different tests.
They also found that people who believe in
God and the paranormal are more likely
to be women and tend to base their actions on instinct rather than analytical thinking.
Previous studies have suggested religious
people tend to have a lower IQ and
are more likely to believe literally in what scientists called “bullshit statements” including
phrases like “Earth wants water” and
“Force knows its direction”.
However, they are also found to be
happier and have greater life satisfaction than non-believers and are seen
as more generous and trustworthy.
網址：
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/religious-people-understand-world-less-study-shows-a7378896.html
